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SimilartoChadwicksclassicstudyinEngland,LemuelShattuck,aBostonbooksellerandpublisherwhohadaninterestinpublichealth,organizedtheAmericanStatisticalSocietyin1839andissuedacensusofBostonin1845. Shattuckscensusrevealedhighinfantmortalityratesandhighoverallpopulationmortalityrates. In1850,inhisReportoftheMassachusettsSanitaryCommission,Shattucknotonlyoutlinedhisfindingsontheunsanitaryconditionsbutalsomaderecommendationsforpublichealthreformthatincludedthebookkeepingofpopulationstatisticsanddevelopmentofamonitoringsystemthatwouldprovideinformationtothepublicaboutenvironmental,food,anddrugsafetyandinfectiousdiseasecontrolRosen,1958. Healsocalledforservicesforwell childcare,school agechildrenshealth,immunizations,mentalhealth,healtheducationforall,andhealthplanning. TheShattuckReportwasrevolutionaryinitsscopeandvisionforpublichealth,butitwasvirtuallyignoredduringShattuckslifetime. Nineteenyearslater,in1869,thefirststateboardofhealthwasformedKalischandKalisch,1986. Black men have a more robust proportion of HIV infections at all stages of diseasefrom new infections medical deathsthan men of other racial/ethnic groups 8. HIV is continuously among doctor 10 most suitable causes of death for black men aged 1564 years 10. Gay, bisexual, and other men who’ve with men MSM, and black MSM in particular, perpetually represent doctor biggest share of HIV infected persons in doctor United States 11. Although MSM constitute approximately 2% of doctor U. S. population 12, they accounted for 63% of all new HIV infections in 2010, and black MSM accounted for a larger proportion of new HIV diagnoses than did white or Latino MSM 8.